The US Federal Reserve on Wednesday raised interest rates for the first time since 2023, defying President Donald Trump’s demand for cuts, as central bank chief Kevin Warsh stressed the need to combat inflation that has been “too high” for “too long.”
The president has launched an unprecedented assault on the Fed’s independence since taking office, attempting to fire a Fed Governor and launching a criminal probe against Warsh’s predecessor in his quest for lower rates to spur economic activity. CNBC reported that the latest inflation data and a firming labour market helped strengthen expectations for a Fed hike. US households and businesses have been battered by years of higher-than-target inflation, and prices have surged in the wake of Trump’s war on Iran, his signature tariff policies and the ongoing AI boom. Wednesday’s statements refrained from directly insulting or criticizing Warsh, as Trump was wont to do with former Fed chair Jerome Powell. Trump’s Republican Party faces a stern test in upcoming midterm elections, with rival Democrats seeking to wrest control of both houses of Congress and economic issues front-and-center for voters. Growing Calls For Hik The Fed had held rates steady since January, choosing to wait to gauge the effects of the Iran war’s energy price shocks and to let the impact of tariffs on prices ripple through the economy. Since July, however, a growing faction of policymakers had indicated a rate hike may be required to tame inflation, as the war grinds on and prices remained elevated, particularly for energy. Rather Unfortunate US stock markets largely priced in Wednesday’s rate hike, but they were still down on the news — expected with any rate hike as investors adjust their portfolios. At that time, investors were expecting softer inflation data , while Fed Chair Kevin Warsh had not committed to a more hawkish path, keeping expectations for tighter policy under control. New inflation numbers were more worrying for investors, while the US labour market also showed signs of becoming stronger.
The Fed’s Federal Open Market Committee voted unanimously to raise rates by 25 basis points to between 3.75 and 4.00 percent. On Friday, August’s consumer price index came in at 3.4 percent — unchanged from the month before, but still well above the Fed’s long-term two-percent target. In its SEP, the Fed raised its forecast for its preferred gauge of inflation — the Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) price index — by 0.1 percentage points to 3.7 percent by year-end. The Fed also raised its projection for GDP growth by year-end to 2.3 percent, up 0.1 percentage points. Yields on 10-year US Treasury bonds — which have surged in recent days as uncertainty on long-term inflation has spiked — were also up past the five-percent threshold, a sign that uncertainty remains a factor. About a month ago, traders saw only a 36% chance of a rate hike.
“The plain fact is that inflation is too high, and has been for too long,” Warsh told a press conference, adding that the decision was a “serious” but necessary one. And Wednesday’s rate hike may not be the last — the vast majority of Fed policymakers indicated that at least one more rate hike was likely necessary before the end of the year, according to their Summary of Economic Projections (SEP). The US president reacted angrily to the decision Wednesday, calling it a “raise against Trump” and accusing the Fed’s rate-setting committee — which he called “hostile” — of making decisions for political reasons. Diane Swonk, chief economist at KPMG, said inflation had “forced the Fed’s hand. “Price pressures remain too elevated and too persistent for policymakers to look through, while the economy and labor market have held up well enough to absorb tighter policy,” she said. Warsh reiterated his belief in the “resilience” of the US economy, citing its strength as being a marker of its ability to absorb tighter financial conditions.
Earlier reporting noted: Market expectations have changed significantly in just one month. Earlier reporting noted: Fresh inflation data added to the case for higher rates. Earlier reporting noted: Oil prices add inflation pressure Oil prices add inflation pressure
The Fed has a dual mandate to deliver maximum employment while keeping inflation to its long-term two-percent target. It mainly achieves these goals by setting the key US interest rate — lower rates tend to spur economic activity but fuel inflation, and hiking them cools both activity and prices.
Warsh was named to his position after a contentious Senate confirmation process, during which Democratic lawmakers accused him of being a “sock puppet” for Trump, which he denied.
Four policymakers expect two more rate hikes to be required. Warsh has criticized the Fed’s policy of offering such projections in the past and did not participate in the previous iteration in June. The Fed’s SEP showed that at least 12 of 18 policymakers who participated in the projection expected one more rate hike would be required before the end of the year. This projection also included only 18 policymakers, suggesting he had once again withheld his contribution. (Except for the headline, this story has not been edited by NDTV staff and is published from a syndicated feed.)
